When spending time in Louisiana, you can look forward to hearing some excellent and authentic Cajun, Creole, and Jazz music.  Whether you are looking to have some fun dancing to a snappy Cajun beat or relax and absorb moody Jazz, you can find your place in the southeast. There is no question that Louisiana has a rich music history worth exploring.

As far back as 1755, settlers from Nova Scotia came to live in Louisiana, and they continued their tradition of telling tales of life in the New World at gatherings through song.  Cajun music was born.  Often these musicians sang a cappella, with clapping and stomping providing rhythm.  When possible, the fiddle became the instrument of choice and families and friends would dance for hours.  Through the 19th century, their music was influenced by blues, African and Native American styles, and improvisational singing techniques.  For many years, and still today, the fiddle was central to Cajun melodies, but in the early 1900’s the accordion was introduced and impacted musicians.  It became popular as its volume could carry across even a packed dance floor.  However, it had a much more limited range of keys so some tunes were changed or could only be played with the fiddle.  Today, both instruments continue to be an important part of the genre.

During this time period, African Americans developed another type of music that impacted Cajun music and our country’s history.  Much of what influenced Creole music in these early years was the fact that its makers were recently freed slaves, many still living in poverty.  Their songs pulled rhythms from the Caribbean, a feel of soulfulness from the blues, and were also connected to the Cajun music also developing in the area.  Dances were common and held mostly in houses with several singers and fiddles.  Creole men and women would move to the emotional music for hours into the morning while singers often reached high pitches to carry the words across the dance floor.

Almost every American has experienced Blues music at some point and felt its intensity.  What many may not know, however, is the birthplace of the blues was Louisiana.  Beginning from the hymns and work songs of African Americans, these songs spoke of injustice and pain, while expressing the joy of overcoming adversity.  These blues roots blended with church, military, folk, and African drumming music in New Orleans giving rise to Jazz as we know it.  Louis Armstrong, historic coronet player, was a huge influence on Jazz in the early 1900’s, giving rise to the key ingredient of improvisation.  A central part of the genre, musicians create the music as they go, playing together from printed music but taking turns with incredible solos throughout the song.  Few types of music can compare to the impact of Jazz on America and its music history.

This is simply a brief glance at the history of music in Louisiana.  The rich and varied cultures that settled and still live in the southeast blended to give our country much to enjoy.

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Jazz, rock music and country and western are just some of the styles that owe a lot of their progression from the original blues. The contribution of Blues music to the development of many other genres of music is very significant. Blues was originally grown out of the hardships endured by many generations of African Americans, and first arose from the rural Mississippi region, around about the time of the dawn of the 20th century. The style developed from work shouts (known as arhoolies), and became the vocal narrative style that we associate with blues music today.

Blues was originally grown out of the hardships endured by many generations of African Americans, and first arose from the rural Mississippi region, around about the time of the dawn of the 20th century. The style developed from work shouts (known as arhoolies), and became the vocal narrative style that we associate with blues music today. The contribution of Blues music to the development of many other genres of music is very significant. Jazz, rock music and country and western are just some of the styles that owe a lot of their progression from the original blues.

As industry progressed and developed in to the 1920’s, so did the everyday lives of the people it affected, and by this time Blues music was also developing. By the 1920’s it had developed a very particular style, based around a number of three-line rhymed stanzas. These stanzas contained one line of verse that was repeated, and finished with a final line of rhyming verse.

The style at this time included a repeating blues chord progression, which then formed the basis for the harmony. Although there were variations, the usual rule of thumb was a 12-bar pattern utilizing the 3 major chords of a scale. The text was set to a 12-bar chorus, and typically was between four and eight stanzas in length.

In typical cases, the melody is formed by flattened third, fifth and seventh notes of the major scale. The outcome is the ‘bent’ notes that lend Blues music that distinctive sound – the bittersweet emotional impact that lacks in other genres. For the majority of blues music the focus is on the vocals – contradicting the fact that performers will often improvise instrumental solos over the Blues chord progressions.

Country Blues
This style arose from the Southern rural experience, and was particularly influenced by the impact of emancipation. Country Blues are often referred to as Delta Blues, a nod towards the Mississippi Delta where they first originated. There were many itinerant workers (mostly men) traveling from community to community, singing songs about freedom, love, the general sorrows of life and, of course, sex.

Classic Blues
African Americans began to migrate, mainly looking for work – it led to Blues music becoming much more urban-orientated, as areas such as Memphis and New Orleans began to become more populated. The music evolved as their way of life evolved. Male or female vocalists began to appear more regularly, and there was now the addition of a single piano.

The audience also grew, and Blues became more mainstream. Throughout the country as a whole, Blues music could now be heard in dancehalls and barrooms. The music industry as a whole started to take note, and more and more compositions and marketing arrangements emerged, as people began to take notice. The popularity of this kind of music grew exponentially. What would become known as Classic Blues became so popular that many songs were released with the word ‘blues’ in the title to capitalize on this, even though they bared little or no relation to the style of music.

Electric Blues
The appetite for the style of music known as the Blues was quite voracious. Its center, previously clustered around Memphis and New Orleans, began to migrate, and soon cities such as Chicago became the central point of much of the music.

With the end of the Second World War, there was a renewed revival to the genre, and there was a lot of development in the music, the most notable changes were the extra emphasis on the bass drums and the cranking up of the guitar sounds. By the time the 1950’s rolled around, the music was no longer centered solely around the African American community, and had an equal number of protagonists across all races. Artists like Bill Haley and Elvis began to incorporate the genre into their own brands.

The incorporation of the Blues style into different genres still exists today, and Blues music in its own right continues to go from strength to strength – many top selling artists maintain the original styles. The influence that Blues music has had on the music industry as a whole is undisputed, and yet Blues music is still evolving, still developing, and still evoking the stirrings of the soul to anyone who cares to listen!

When we hear a banjo, we can’t help but think of the blues.  It also remind us of Dixieland and country music, but most definitely the blues.  The blues and the banjo go hand in hand.  There are many different types of banjos and though they are the same instrument, their sound is unique.  The banjo itself is a unique and wonderful stringed instrument.

African Americans and Caucasians have shared a love and appreciation for the banjo.  African Americans have been playing it for nearly 300 years, and Caucasians since the turn of the century.  And the banjo sounds different in different regions.  If you hear the banjo sound in the Mississippi Delta, it will sound completely different than in Virginia.

The music and style of the banjo was really shaped in the late 1800s by African Americans.  One of the greatest banjo players during that time was Gus Cannon, or better known as “Banjo Joe”.  During 1927 Banjo Joe cut several recordings for Paramount In which his “frailing techniques”, slide playing, and roll patterns became incredibly famous.

The banjo music played back then had such a fluid sound.  It created a nostalgic feeling of friends gathering for a good ole fashioned jam session.  Today it can sound like just about anything, square dance, swing, bluegrass, and everything in between.  What a wonderful instrument and you just can’t miss the banjo sound.

On the South Side of Chicago, in a neighborhood called Bronzeville, many different blues styles were played alongside each other during the 40s and 50s.  This neighborhood was home to different races and social classes that developed innovations in blues music. “The Harlem of Chicago: The History of Bronzeville” is an exhibition at the Chicago Blues Museum.  This exhibit explores this neighborhood’s musical heritage through photographs and memorabilia.

Many African Americans had moved from the South to larger cities in the North during the Great Migration of the early twentieth century.   Bronzeville was a cultural hub for Chicago’s growing African American population and the blues community.  Nightclubs were opened that entertained with the electrically amplified instruments that had not been available in small southern communities.

The Chicago Blues Museum has collected a large number of artifacts by creating relationships with the families of blues musicians who performed during the 40s and 50s. These families have donated many rare items such as photographs and music. The hope of the museum is to encourage an appreciation for the blues through education programs and performances.  Make sure to visit the museum on your next venture to Chicago.

In the early 1900s is when the Blues as we know it today took shape in this country.  But if you have studied the Blues you know that it’s roots stem back hundreds of years and many miles across the Atlantic Ocean to both Africa and Europe before taking root in the American South.

It was actually the blending and clashing of African and European music where it all started.  Add to that the spice of the American South and you have the Blues as it is today.

The use of flatted notes (the 3^rd, 5^th, and 7^th) come from the indigenous music of West Africa, therefore the Blues have mostly been influenced by African-American culture.  And interestingly enough the lyrics of Blues stem from the “field hollers” of slaves. The instruments most associated with the Blues are guitar, harmonica, and piano, which are not African in origin but they come from Europe.

Then during the Reconstruction Era in America (post Civil War period), proto-blues music began to develop due to dance halls and bars that were frequented by the rural working class.  These “Juke Joints” began to sprout up all over the South.

The music created and listened to in these joints was made for dancing, and in time a shuffling beat similar to the “ragtime beat” became popular.  This rhythm would soon become well known and associated with the Blues.

As the Reconstruction Era ended, African Americans were faced with much racism and poverty.  They were forced to travel from place to place to find work.  Many of them made an attempt to make a living with their music, and so they traveled with guitar in hand via train.  No wonder trains are such a common symbol in Blues music.  As these musicians traveled, the incredible music and lyrics of the Blues was spread and is now a world wide passion.